Our family went on a nature hike the other day.  It’s a beautiful time of the year to hike because it’s cooler, there’s little-to-no bugs, and the trees are changing gorgeous colors.  It was like walking through an enchanted forest!  Any minute I expected to see Galadriel stepping out on to the path (another Lord of the Rings tie-in, of course)!  Nature walks are perfect for learning the names of plants, how they reproduce, how they grow, and biotic interactions while the kids enjoy themselves the entire time.  It’s the kind of learning that does not feel like “school” – our favorite kind.

I assigned the kids one task.  That was to collect samples of plants that they would later make botanical illustrations of at home.  We took a baggie with us and collected lots of interesting stuff.  My son had sugar maple leaves in brilliant yellow and black walnuts with different layers of covering.  Both of my daughters gathered oak leaves, moss, a gnawed bone, bean pods, and a sample particularly interesting to them, lichen.  We took these specimens home, looked them up on the internet to identify them, and drew them.  Since we needed to research lichens a bit more than the rest, and because they are so interesting, I thought I would share some information on them here.

What is a Lichen?

A lichen consists of two different organisms, a fungus and an algae, living in a symbiotic relationship.  To understand what a symbiotic relationship is, go to this root word website and look up the meaning of the prefix (sym-), the root (bio), and the suffix (-sis).  Go to Dictionary.com to read several definitions of symbiosis.  There are two very good descriptions of lichens here and here.

Challenge your kids to answer these questions using the websites listed after each:

• What do the fungus and algae provide for each other?  See:  Backyard Nature and Lichens
  
• What is a photobiont and a mycobiont?  Which refers to the fungus and which refers to the algae?  See:  Photobiont and Mycobiont, Myco and Lichens.
• What is a thallus?  See:  Online Glossary and Lichen Education (see the top boxed portion of the page).
• What are the three main types of lichens?  What are the two other kinds sometimes identified?  See:  Backyard Nature
• Draw a representation of each type of lichen.  See:  Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3.  Also, see representations of each here and a gallery of images on Wikipedia.
• How do lichens reproduce?  What are the two main methods of reproduction?   See:  Lichen Reproductive Structures and Backyard Nature
• What is a bioindicator?  Why are studies of lichens important?  See:  Wikipedia and Bionet
• Finally:  What animal eats large amounts of lichens?  See:  Wonderclub

Wow, aren’t lichens amazing?!  Take a trip to a local park, nature center, or cemetary to find examples of lichens.  (That’s right – a cemetary is a great place to find lichens.  They grow well on tombstones!)  At the park or nature center, look for lichens on boulders, stone walls, and trees.  Take a sketchbook to draw some that you find.  Below are examples of my daughters’ illustrations.  Have fun!

Hailey 10 years old

Maddie 5 years old

To discuss nature studies, science, or other homeschooling topics, please visit our HMHS Discussion Forum.

Vocabulary

Defining terms you will be using throughout a study is a great way to introduce vocabulary words and an important part in understanding new concepts.  Besides the names of the bones, there are some other terms you may encounter.  Have your kids take turns looking these up in a dictionary as a good way to develop dictionary skills as well as finding the answers.  You can look in an online dictionary, but I prefer the paper version to teach the kids research skills.  My kids write vocabulary words on index cards (word on one side, definition on the other), to use as flashcards throughout the study.

• osteology, joint, tendon, ligament, axial, appendicular, irregular, sesamoid

Naming the Bones

Next, I would learn the names of the bones.  My favorite is a cute, but very informative movie at Science With Me.  You must register on their site, but it is completely free and well worth it.  To see the skeleton movie, go to animations and click on Stanley the Skeleton.  Turn up the volume and enjoy.  I think this works well even for older kids, but, if yours want something more “grown-up”, there is a labelled diagram of the skeleton you can use.  I would label index cards with the names of the bones, mix them up, and have the kids lay them out as though they were building a skeleton.  Breaking them up into groups can also help.  The two groups of bones, based upon where they are located, are Axial and Appendicular.  The five types of bones, based upon their shape, are Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, and Sesamoid.

Once they have the names down pretty well, there are some good links to interactive skeletons to test themselves and solidify their learning.

• BBC Interactive Body has a Skeleton Game.
• Get Body Smart has an Interactive Skeletal System.
• Label the bones on this animation.

There are also free printable worksheets available at Science With Me and Lesson Tutor.

Here is our skeleton craft: We’re sorry, the Mr.Skeleton craft is no longer free. But, you can purchase it for only $1.49 from our new store!

Also, be on the lookout for notebooking pages and complete unit studies coming soon from Homemade Homeschoolers!

To discuss science, crafts, or other homeschooling topics, please visit our HMHS Discussion Forum.